- C++ Programming Examples
- C++ Programming Examples
- C++: Hello World
- C++: Get Input
- C++: Print Integer
- C++: Add two numbers
- C++: Add, Sub, Multiply, Div
- C++: Add Digits
- C++: Find Average and Percentage
- C++: Find Arithmetic Mean
- C++: Sum of n Natural Numbers
- C++: Sum of n Numbers
- C++: Square's Area and Perimeter
- C++: Rectangle's Area and Perimeter
- C++: Triangle's Area and Perimeter
- C++: Area and Circumference
- C++: Find Simple Interest
- C++: Fahrenheit to Celsius
- C++: Celsius to Fahrenheit
- C++: Print Prime Numbers
- C++: Reverse a Number
- C++: Swap Two Numbers
- C++: Print Multiplication Table
- C++: Find Factorial of a Number
- C++: Find Factors of a Number
- C++: Find HCF and LCM
- C++: Create a Calculator
- C++: Count Digits in a Number
- C++: First and Last Digit Sum
- C++: Product of Number Digits
- C++: Sum of Squares of Digits
- C++: Interchange Digits of Number
- C++ if-else Programs
- C++: Check Even or Odd
- C++: Check Prime or Not
- C++: Check Alphabet or Not
- C++: Check Vowel or Not
- C++: Check Leap Year or Not
- C++: Check Reverse equals Original
- C++: Check Perfect Number
- C++: Check Palindrome or Not
- C++: Check Armstrong or Not
- C++: Divisibility Test
- C++: Find Labor Wage
- C++: Find Discounted Price
- C++: Find Shipping Charge
- C++: Find Telephone Bills
- C++: Calculate Student Grade
- C++: Largest of Two Numbers
- C++: Largest of Three Numbers
- C++ Number Conversion
- C++: Decimal to Binary
- C++: Decimal to Octal
- C++: Decimal to Hexadecimal
- C++: Binary to Decimal
- C++: Binary to Octal
- C++: Binary to Hexadecimal
- C++: Octal to Decimal
- C++: Octal to Binary
- C++: Octal to Hexadecimal
- C++: Hexadecimal to Decimal
- C++: Hexadecimal to Binary
- C++: Hexadecimal to Octal
- C++ Pattern Programs
- C++: Pattern Programs
- C++: Print Diamond Pattern
- C++: Print Floyd's Triangle
- C++: Print Pascal's Triangle
- C++ Array Programs
- C++: 1D Array Program
- C++: Linear Search
- C++: Binary Search
- C++: Largest Element in an Array
- C++: Smallest Element in an Array
- C++: Find Second Largest Element
- C++: Find Second Smallest Element
- C++: Sum of All Elements
- C++: Multiply All Elements
- C++: Element in Even Position
- C++: Element in Odd Position
- C++: Print Even Numbers in Array
- C++: Print Odd Numbers in Array
- C++: Count Even or Odd Numbers
- C++: Sum of Even or Odd Numbers
- C++: Count Positive, Negative, Zero
- C++: Reverse an Array
- C++: Insert an Element
- C++: Delete an Element
- C++: Merge two Arrays
- C++: Bubble Sort
- C++: Selection Sort
- C++: Insertion Sort
- C++: Common Elements
- C++: 2D Array Programs
- C++: Add Two Matrices
- C++: Subtract Two Matrices
- C++: Transpose Matrix
- C++: Multiply Two Matrices
- C++: 3D Array Programs
- C++ String Programs
- C++: Print String
- C++: Find String Length
- C++: Compare Two Strings
- C++: Copy String
- C++: String Concatenation
- C++: Reverse a String
- C++: Delete Vowels from a String
- C++: Delete a Word from a String
- C++: Count Characters in a String
- C++: Count Words in a String
- C++: Frequency of Words
- C++: Remove Spaces from Strings
- C++: Sort a String
- C++: Uppercase to Lowercase
- C++: Lowercase to Uppercase
- C++: Swap Two Strings
- C++: Check the Anagram or Not
- C++: Capitalize All Words in a String
- C++: Get Numbers from a String
- C++ File Programs
- C++: Read a File
- C++: Write Content to a File
- C++: Append Data to a File
- C++: Read and Display File
- C++: Copy a File
- C++: Merge Two Files
- Count Characters in a File
- C++: Capitalize Every Word
- C++: List Files in Directory
- C++: Delete a File
- C++: Encrypt and Decrypt a File
- C++ Misc Programs
- C++: Print ASCII Value
- C++: Add Binary Numbers
- C++: Generate Random Numbers
- C++: Print a Smiling Face
- C++: Days into Years and Months
- C++: Add Two Numbers using Pointer
- C++: Print Fibonacci Series
- C++: Generate Armstrong Numbers
- C++: Find nCr and nPr
- C++: Get IP Address
- C++: Print Date and Time
- C++: Shutdown and Restart Computer
- C++ Programming Tutorial
- C++ Tutorial
C++ program to convert uppercase to lowercase
This article will teach you how to convert uppercase characters to lowercase characters in C++ and provide you with code to do so. The program is created with and without using the standard library (or string) function. Here is the list of programs:
- Uppercase character to lowercase without using the string function
- Without using the string function, convert an uppercase string to a lowercase string
- Using the string function strlwr(), convert an uppercase character or string to lowercase
Uppercase character
An uppercase character is basically an alphabet character written in capital letters. For example, the ASCII values of all 26 uppercase alphabet characters are 65–90. Where 65 is the ASCII value of A, 66 is the ASCII value of B, and so on up to 90, which is the ASCII value of Z.
Lowercase character
A lowercase character is basically an alphabet character written in small letters. For example, the ASCII values of all 26 lowercase alphabet characters are 97–122. That is, a→97, b→98, c→99, and so on.
Uppercase and lowercase string
If all the characters available in a string are in uppercase, then it is called an "uppercase string." And if all the characters of a string are written in lowercase, then it is called a lowercase string.
Note: A "string" is a combination of more than one character. For example, fresherearth (an uppercase string) or fresherearth (a lowercase string).
Uppercase to lowercase Formula
since the ASCII value of A (a capital letter) is 65 and the ASCII value of a (a small letter) is 97. The difference between them is 32. Therefore, by adding 32 to the ASCII value of a capital letter, say A, we'll get the ASCII value of its equivalent letter in lowercase. That is,:
65 (ASCII value of A) + 32 = 97 (ASCII value of a)
C++ Uppercase character to lowercase
To convert a character from uppercase to lowercase in C++ programming, you have to ask the user to enter a character in uppercase and then convert it into its equivalent lowercase character. Finally, print the equivalent character in lowercase on the output.
#include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { char chUpper, chLower; int ascii; cout<<"Enter the Character (in Uppercase): "; cin>>chUpper; ascii = chUpper; ascii = ascii+32; chLower = ascii; cout<<"\nIts Lowercase: "<<chLower; cout<<endl; return 0; }
This program was built and runs under the Code::Blocks IDE. Here is its sample run:
Now supply the character input in uppercase, say C, and press the ENTER key to print its equivalent character in lowercase as shown in the output given below:
In the above program, when the user enters C as an uppercase character input, then it gets stored in the chUpper variable. So the statement given below is:
ascii = chUpper;
Initializes the ASCII value of C to ascii. As a result, ascii = 67. Now the statement:
ascii = ascii+32;
initializes 67+32 or 99 to ascii. So the new value of ascii is 99, which is the ASCII value of c (lower case). So the statement is:
chLower = ascii;
Because chLower is a char (character) variable, it is initialized with the character that corresponds to the ASCII value of 99. So chLower=c. Now print the value of chLower as output.
How to deal with an invalid input
If the user enters an invalid input, like an alphabet character that is already in lowercase or any other character like a number or a special character, then follow the program given below. The previous program does not work correctly in this case.
#include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { char chUpper, chLower; int ascii; cout<<"Enter the Character: "; cin>>chUpper; if(chUpper>='A' && chUpper<='Z') { ascii = chUpper; ascii = ascii+32; chLower = ascii; cout<<"\nIts Lowercase: "<<chLower; } else if(chUpper>='a' && chUpper<='z') cout<<"\nAlready in Lowercase"; else cout<<"\nInvalid Input!"; cout<<endl; return 0; }
Here is its sample run with user input D
Below is another sample run with user input d (already in lowercase):
And here is the final sample with user input 4 (not an alphabet):
C++ Uppercase string to lowercase
Now let's convert the string from uppercase to lowercase. The following C++ program asks the user to enter a string, say "fresherearth" (in uppercase), to change and print it into lowercase:
#include<iostream> #include<stdio.h> using namespace std; int main() { char strUpper[50]="", strLower[50]=""; int i=0, ascii, chk=0; cout<<"Enter the String: "; gets(strUpper); while(strUpper[i]!='\0') { if(strUpper[i]>='A' && strUpper[i]<='Z') { ascii = strUpper[i]; ascii = ascii+32; strLower[i] = ascii; chk++; } else strLower[i] = strUpper[i]; i++; } strLower[i]='\0'; if(chk==0) cout<<"\nString is already in Lowercase"; else cout<<"\nLowercase of String: "<<strLower; cout<<endl; return 0; }
Here's a sample run with string input: This is fresherearth:
C++: Uppercase to Lowercase Using a Function
The question is: write a program in C++ that converts uppercase characters or strings to lowercase using the string function. The answer to this question is given below:
#include<iostream> #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> using namespace std; int main() { char str[50]; int len; cout<<"Enter the Character/String: "; gets(str); len = strlen(str); if(len==1) cout<<"\nLowercase of Given Character: "<<strlwr(str); else cout<<"\nLowercase of Given String: "<<strlwr(str); cout<<endl; return 0; }
Here is its sample run with string input: fresherearth:
The same program in different languages
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